Turner (2018) Falls in Geriatric populations and Hydrotherapy as an intervention; A Brief Review

Introduction to Geriatric Falls

Falls pose a significant health risk for the elderly, exacerbated by age-related changes in postural control. The likelihood of falls increases with age, making fall prevention crucial in geriatric care. Balance training has emerged as a beneficial strategy to reduce fall risks, but conventional exercises may not be suitable for all elderly individuals due to physical limitations and the fear of falling.

The Challenge of Maintaining Postural Control

Maintaining balance is increasingly difficult for the elderly, with a third of older adults experiencing falls annually. The complexity of postural control involves multiple sensorimotor systems, and its decline with age leads to a higher incidence of falls. Factors such as muscle weakness, sensory loss, and cognitive dysfunction contribute to this decline, impacting daily activities and independence.

The Impact of Dual-Tasking on Falls

Falls often occur during dual-task activities, where cognitive or motor tasks compete with postural control tasks. The elderly, especially those with cognitive impairments, struggle with dual-tasking, leading to compromised postural stability and an increased risk of falls. Research highlights the need for interventions that address the challenges of dual-tasking in fall prevention.

The Role of Balance Training

Balance training is essential for enhancing postural control and reducing fall risks in the elderly. Effective training involves a combination of static and dynamic exercises tailored to individual needs, with a recommended duration and frequency to achieve significant improvements in balance and reduce fall risks.

Hydrotherapy as an Effective Intervention

Hydrotherapy, involving exercises in water, offers a safe and effective alternative for balance training in the elderly. The buoyancy, resistance, and temperature of water provide a supportive environment for exercises, reducing the fear of falling and allowing for smoother, less painful movements. Hydrotherapy has been shown to improve balance, motor, and cognitive tasks, enhancing motivation and adherence to exercise programs.

Clinical Applications and Conclusions

Hydrotherapy presents a viable option for geriatric rehabilitation, offering a safe and effective means to improve postural control and reduce fall risks. Healthcare professionals should consider hydrotherapy as part of a comprehensive fall prevention strategy, tailored to the individual needs of elderly patients. By improving balance and confidence, hydrotherapy can significantly enhance the quality of life and independence of elderly individuals.

Keywords:
geriatric falls; hydrotherapy; aging; postural control; balance training