Fotallahi et al (2023) Effect of Hydrotherapy on Muscle Activities and Running Kinetics in Adult Males with Pronated Foot – A Randomized Clinical Trial

Pronated foot (PF) is a common musculoskeletal condition associated with altered biomechanics, pain, and increased risk of lower limb injuries. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effects of hydrotherapy on muscle activity and running kinetics in adult males with PF.

The study revealed significant improvements in ground reaction forces (GRFs) and muscle activation in the hydrotherapy group compared to the control group. Hydrotherapy reduced peak GRFs and loading rates, which are key risk factors for running-related injuries. Additionally, increased activation of muscles such as the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis, and gluteus medius was observed, enhancing stability and movement efficiency during running.

Hydrotherapy sessions included progressive training over eight weeks, focusing on range of motion, strength, and proprioception exercises. The unique properties of water, including buoyancy and hydrostatic pressure, facilitated safer and more effective rehabilitation by reducing joint stress and improving lower limb alignment.

The study concludes that hydrotherapy is a promising intervention for improving muscle function and reducing injury risks in individuals with PF. However, further research with larger and more diverse populations is needed to validate these findings.